1.
They are very scarce or even non-existent. And
they are non-existent not necessarily because they are not there, but because people
don’t know about them or because they can’t access them. Undocumented migrants
and migrants with visa restrictions for example aren’t able to access them at
all.
2.
They have gatekeepers that are hard to by-pass.
One example comes from GPs who would often simply prescribe anti-depressants
and not refer patients on to support services such as counselling or
alternative therapies. Another example of gatekeeping is the way in which
current commissioning services are tendering mental health.